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Moorish culinary contribution
Expiración García in La Alimentación, Lucie Bolens in La cuisine andalouse, and
Manuela Marín in Cuisine d'Orient have described Al-Andalus cuisine. However,
contemporary Iberian cuisine has only a few elements of this Al-Andalus cuisine.
In the Iberian Peninsula, these culinary features are marked by the prevalence
or use of certain ingredients, dishes, methods of cooking, or ways of eating
that were once typical of Al Andalus but devoid of any religious meaning. These
features having a Moorish heritage are:
Communal sharing from the same dish. Examples of such shared dishes are paella,
migas (fried breadcrumbs or semolina), and gachas and papas (porridges). This
practice of sharing is no longer as prevalent as it once was.
Predominance of yellow, green, and white colors. Yellow is common in most rice
dishes, in fish stews with rice or noodles, and in some chickpea stews. White is
typical of some sweet rice puddings (arroz con leche and arroz doce), some
porridges, and some soups such as ajo blanco (a white garlic soup), the original
gazpacho, gazpachuelo (a fish and egg soup), and various almond soups. Green is
the dominant color of some Portuguese dishes prepared with coriander, although
the sopa verde (green soup) cannot be included in this category.
Use of saffron, cumin, and coriander. Coriander is rarely found in traditional
Spanish cuisine but is very popular in Portugal, especially in dishes from
Alentejo; some food writers relate this use to African influences. Saffron is
used both to color and to flavor rice dishes, legume stews, and meat casseroles.
Cumin seasons some legume stews, sausages, and dishes of meat or fish.
Spiced stews made from chickpeas, lentils, and from fresh or dried broad beans.
Examples of such legume and bean stews include potaje de garbanzos, potaje de
lentejas, fava rica, and favas con coentro. The consumption of broad beans,
however, has diminished during the last sixty years. Bulgur, or cracked wheat,
is still included in some dishes from the Alpujarras region in Andalusia.
Savory or sweet porridges, made from different grain flours. These porridges,
such as gachas and papas, were also the basis of Roman cuisine
Dishes made with breadcrumbs or slices of bread. Breadcrumbs or torn up slices
of bread are used for thickening and giving texture to many varieties of
gazpacho and other kinds of soups (açorda, sopa de ajo, ensopados, and sopas
secas). Breadcrumbs are also the main ingredient in migas, a traditional and
popular dish. There are some factors that relate the recipe for migas, in its
Andalusian version, to the recipe for couscous. The first element is the way in
which migas are cooked. A sort of steam cooking is produced through the
sauteeing and continuous stirring of the semolina or the crumbs (these are
previously soaked and drained) and gives a golden and granulated appearance to
the dish. Migas, similarly to couscous, serve as the base for a wide range of
other ingredients such as fresh fruit, fried vegetables, fried or roasted fish
or sausages, and even sweets. Finally, migas, like couscous, are eaten from the
pan in which they were prepared. The pan is placed on the table, and the whole
family eats from it.
Spiced fritters and desserts. Various doughnut-like fritters (buñuelos,
boladinhos, roscos, filhós, pestiños) and desserts (alcorza, alfeñique, alajú,
nougat, and marzipan) are made by combining honey or sugar, egg yolks, cinnamon,
and sometimes ground almonds.
Other popular foods and dishes. Flatbreads, either baked (pão estentido) or
fried (pão de sertã, torta), stuffed eggs, stuffed eggplants, vermicelli stew,
spiced meatballs, shish kebabs (pinchos morunos, espetada), and quince paste are
current Iberian foods also mentioned in Arab cookbooks.