1822 | Eastern Question

While the powers were busy with Spain the issue of recent Greek uprising and independance created an appetite and the Eastern Question was entered in the diplomatic language. Basically it meant that there was no place in the Balkans or in Istanbul(Constantinople) for the Turks. This definition will extens all the way to Eastern Turkey and will cover Armenian minorities by the time of Berlin Conferance after the Turco- Russion War of 1887-88. European opponents of Turkish ascension to EU sing the same song today.

Holly Alliance in Verona

The Quintuple Alliance was represented by the following persons:

Russia: Emperor Alexander I and Count Karl Robert Nesselrode (minister of foreign affairs); Austria: Prince Metternich; Prussia: Prince Hardenberg and Count Christian Gunther von Bernstorff; France: The duc de Montmorency-Laval (minister of Foreign Affairs) and François-René de Chateaubriand; United Kingdom: The Duke of Wellington, who was taking the place of Marquess of Londonderry after his tragic suicide on the eve of the congress.

Conference of Verona (October-November 1822). The last European conference held under the provisions of the Quadruple Alliance of 1814. The main problem discussed was the revolution in Spain against Ferdinand VII, and the congress decided that a French army, under mandate of the Holy Alliance, should suppress the rebellion. This decision was protested by the British foreign minister, George Canning and led to a growing rift between Great Britain and the other powers.

Turkish Question: In the Turkish Question, the probable raising of which had alone induced the British government to send a minister plenipotentiary to the Congress, he was to suggest the eventual necessity for recognizing the belligerent rights of the Greeks, and, in the event of concerted intervention, to be careful not to commit the United Kingdom, beyond a supporting role. The immediate problems arising out of the Turkish Question had, however, already been privately settled between the emperor Alexander and Metternich, to their mutual satisfaction, at the preliminary conferences held at Vienna in September.